Heat Penetration Studies of the retort of sterilizer are conducted by using distributed temperature measuring sensors or wireless datalogger to determine the heating & cooling characteristics of a product or package in a retort system for the establishment of a safe & optimum thermal process to deliver a sterile product. 

General or Ball Formula Method:
a.      Calculation of heating rate factor, the slope of the heating curve, fh
b.      Calculation of value of dimensionless lag factor, jch
c.       Calculation of Total process time, B = fh [log (jch·Ih) – log g],
d.      Calculation of process time, Pt = B – 0.42 CUT
e.      Calculation of Ball process Lethality,  Fo = fh/[(fh/U) x Fi]